The major scale (Ionian mode): seven notes following whole–whole–half–whole–whole–whole–half. The foundational scale of Western tonal music, with a bright, resolved character.
The classic three-chord progression of rock, blues, and country.
The pop progression — heard in everything from "Don't Stop Believin'" to "Let It Be".
The 50s doo-wop progression ("Earth Angel", "Stand By Me").
The same chords as I–V–vi–IV, starting on the relative minor. Sounds wistful where I–V–vi–IV sounds uplifting.
The fundamental cadence of jazz harmony — m7 to dominant 7 to major 7.